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Allotment Guidelines

Participating in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves more than just applying for shares; understanding how shares are allotted is equally important. The Basis of Allotment is the method used by the registrar to distribute shares when an IPO is oversubscribed. It ensures fairness and transparency by applying specific rules for allocation. Methods like proportionate allotment, lottery-based selection, or firm allotment are used depending on demand and regulatory guidelines. Investors can check their allotment status through stock exchange websites like NSE and BSE or via the registrar’s platform. Knowing these guidelines helps investors make better decisions and manage their expectations effectively.

What is Basis of Allotment?

The Basis of Allotment is a process used during an Initial Public Offering (IPO) to allocate shares to investors when the IPO is oversubscribed. It is a set of rules applied by the IPO registrar to ensure a fair distribution of shares among applicants, based on predefined criteria. When an IPO receives more applications than the number of available shares, the Basis of Allotment determines how shares are distributed across various investor categories such as retail individual investors (RIIs), non-institutional investors (NIIs), and qualified institutional buyers (QIBs).

The allotment can be proportionate, based on demand, or use a lottery system for extreme oversubscription. The process ensures transparency, reduces favoritism, and allows investors to track their allotment status via stock exchange websites or IPO registrar platforms.

Different Types of Basis of Allotment in IPOs

The Basis of Allotment in IPOs determines how shares are allocated to investors when an IPO is oversubscribed. It ensures a fair and transparent distribution based on predefined rules. The three main types of allotment are Proportional Allotment, Random Allotment, and Guaranteed Allotment. Each type caters to different oversubscription levels and investor categories.

Proportional Allotment

Proportional allotment is used when an IPO is oversubscribed. In this method, shares are distributed in proportion to the demand within each investor category. For example, if an investor applies for more shares, they receive a proportional amount based on the overall demand, ensuring fairness.

Random Allotment

Random allotment is typically applied in cases of extreme oversubscription. When demand exceeds supply by a large margin, shares are allocated through a lottery system, where all applicants have an equal chance of receiving shares, regardless of the number of shares they applied for. This method ensures equal opportunity.

Guaranteed Allotment

Guaranteed allotment is used for institutional investors, such as Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs). These investors are assured a specific number of shares in the IPO, regardless of the subscription level. This method is not typically available to retail investors but guarantees that large investors receive their allotted shares.

IPO Subscription Details and Allotment Procedure

The IPO subscription process is crucial for determining how shares are allotted when demand exceeds supply.

  • Subscription Period: Investors apply for shares within a specified period, typically 3-5 days.

  • Category-wise Allocation: Shares are allotted in different categories such as Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs), Non-Institutional Investors (NIIs), and Retail Individual Investors (RIIs).

  • Oversubscription and Allotment: If oversubscription occurs, the Basis of Allotment guidelines are applied (e.g., proportional allotment, random allotment, or guaranteed allotment).

  • Final Allotment: After the application period ends, the registrar allocates shares and publishes the allotment status.

  • Status Check: Investors can check the allotment status on exchange websites or through the registrar’s platform.

Allotment Process Overview

The allotment process in an IPO ensures the fair distribution of shares among investors when demand exceeds supply.

  • Subscription Period: Investors submit their applications during the IPO subscription period.

  • Subscription Status: The registrar compiles the subscription data and determines oversubscription levels in different categories.

  • Basis of Allotment Application: If oversubscribed, the allotment is made based on predefined rules (proportional, random, or guaranteed).

  • Allotment Finalization: The registrar applies the basis of allotment and allocates shares to investors accordingly.

  • Publication of Allotment Status: The allotment status is then made available on the stock exchange websites or the registrar’s platform.

  • Refund Process: Unallotted funds are refunded to investors, typically within a few days after allotment.

Steps to Verify IPO Allotment Status

Verifying the status of your IPO allotment is simple and can be done through various platforms. Here are the steps to check the status:

Check the BSE or NSE Website

Visit the official websites of BSE or NSE and navigate to the IPO allotment section. Enter the required details, such as your application number or PAN, to view the allotment status for the IPO you applied to. This will provide quick access to your status.

Visit the Registrar's Website

Registrars like Link Intime or KFin Technologies manage IPO allotment. You can visit their website and enter your application number, PAN, or DP ID to check the allotment status. This is often a direct way to get accurate and reliable updates.

Use the Trading Platform or Broker

Many stock brokers provide IPO allotment details directly on their platforms. Log in to your broker account and go to the IPO section, where you can find your allotment status based on your application details. This is convenient and easy to check.

Allotment Status on NSE and BSE

The allotment status for an IPO can be easily accessed on the official websites of NSE (National Stock Exchange) and BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange). Both exchanges provide a dedicated section where investors can check the status using details like the application number, PAN, or DP ID. This feature ensures that investors stay informed about their share allocation after the IPO process is completed.

IPO Listing Today: Time and Location

After the IPO allotment process is complete, the company's shares are listed on stock exchanges, typically within a week. The listing date is important for investors who receive shares as it marks the day when trading begins. You can find the IPO listing time and location on the official websites of NSE and BSE, where the listing details are published for investors.

Factors Affecting Allotment Basis

Several factors influence the basis on which shares are allotted in an IPO. These include:

  • Oversubscription Level: Higher oversubscription leads to proportionate or lottery-based allotment.

  • Investor Category: Retail, institutional, and non-institutional investors have different allocation rules.

  • IPO Demand: The overall demand across categories impacts the distribution method.

  • Allotment Guidelines: Predefined rules guide how shares are allocated within each investor category.

Significance of the Allotment Basis

The allotment basis in an IPO is essential for ensuring fairness and transparency in share distribution. Key points include:

  • Fair Distribution: Prevents favoritism and ensures equal opportunities.

  • Transparency: Regulated by SEBI to maintain clear processes.

  • Investor Confidence: Helps investors trust the allocation method.

  • Efficient Process: Ensures timely and accurate share distribution.

Understanding the allotment basis helps investors navigate the IPO process with more clarity.

Final Thoughts

The Basis of Allotment plays a crucial role in the IPO process, ensuring that shares are allocated in a fair and transparent manner. By understanding how the allotment works, investors can better navigate oversubscription scenarios and make more informed decisions. Whether using proportional, lottery, or guaranteed allotment, these methods contribute to the efficiency of IPOs, fostering investor trust and maintaining market integrity.

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Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.

This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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