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A stock market index tracks the performance of a group of stocks that represent a part of the overall market. These indices provide us with insights about market trends and economic health. These are often considered as benchmarks for investment performance. Indices can be price-weighted, market-cap-weighted, or equal-weighted.
Of the stock market indices in India, Nifty 50 is one of the most widely followed indices. The index is the weighted average of the 50 most liquid Indian companies listed on the National Stock Exchange NSE. This is considered the benchmark for Indian equity markets. The Nifty 50 provides us with a snapshot of the market’s overall performance.
The Nifty 50 index takes into account companies from various sectors, and thus it is a diversified index. It is semi-annually reviewed to better reflect the market conditions.
There are some criteria for a company to be added to this list. Companies with high levels of liquidity can easily be bought and sold and thus make it to this index. Secondly, the free-float market capitalization of companies is also considered important as it represents the market value of the shares. Moving on, the Nifty 50 index aims to diversify its collection of companies and thus the selection process focuses on this sectoral representation in the list.
Nifty 50 is a diversified index and focuses on market capitalisation. However, other indices focus on a specific set of companies. For example, the bank nifty index focuses on banking companies. Similarly, there is an index that we call the Nifty Alpha 50.
Nifty Alpha 50 is also a significant index on the NSE, like the Nifty 50 but with a different focus. It takes into account the stocks of companies that have the highest alpha value in the past year. For the unversed, the alpha value of a stock represents the surplus returns it carries relative to a benchmark index. Alpha functions as a measure of how better or worse a stock performed in comparison to the rest of the market.
The selection criteria for Nifty Alpha 50 is very similar to the Nifty 50, except that instead of the sectoral representation, here, the focus is on the alpha value of the stocks. The alpha value of the stocks is the most important metric for a stock to find a spot in this index.
Now that we have understood the basics of these two indices, let’s find out their differences by putting Nifty 50 vs Nifty Alpha 50.
Purpose and Focus
NIFTY 50: The focus is on the largest and most liquid companies from different sectors. The index represents the overall market performance.
NIFTY Alpha 50: The focus is on the high-alpha stocks. The index is more about individual stock performance than the overall market performance.
Composition
NIFTY 50: Top 50 companies in the market based on free-float market capitalisation, keeping sectoral representation in mind.
NIFTY Alpha 50: Top 50 companies based on alpha, without any emphasis on sectoral diversification. The aim is to identify performance outliers.
Risk and Return Profile
NIFTY 50: Considering how the stocks are diversified and are large-cap stocks, the risk is generally low.
NIFTY Alpha 50: The list has high alpha stocks, which naturally indicates higher risk. The lack of diversification also adds to the risk.
Historical Performance
NIFTY 50: Over the years, Nifty 50 has witnessed steady growth, consistent with the overall market performance. It is considered a reliable indicator of the health of our economy.
NIFTY Alpha 50: Historically, Nifty Alpha 50 has shown an erratic performance which is justified by its focus on high-alpha stocks. Bullish market conditions lead to this index outperforming the Nifty 50, while a bearish market pulls it down.
Volatility
NIFTY 50: This is a less volatile index due to its nature. The fluctuations in price tend to be minimal.
NIFTY Alpha 50: This index is highly volatile and can experience larger price swings compared to the Nifty 50.
Investment Strategies
NIFTY 50: This is more suitable for investors who focus on stable returns and low-risk investments. The balance that it offers can be instrumental for long-term investment.
NIFTY Alpha 50: This is more suitable for investors who focus on higher returns and high-risk investments. The list has high-performing individual stocks that create short-term market movements and this results in opportunities for quick gains.
Nifty 50 and Nifty Alpha 50, are both important indices to the Indian stock market. They cater to different types of investors and offer varying insights. Nifty 50 is for those who seek stability and broad market exposure. Whereas, Nifty Alpha 50 is for those who seek high returns and can handle higher risk.
Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.
This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.
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