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Understanding Fiscal Deficit: Definition, Causes, and Effects

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Definition: When a government’s income is less than its revenue, the difference is known as “fiscal deficit.” It means the government has not earned enough.

If a government is running a fiscal deficit, it simply means that it’s not earning enough or it’s spending more than it’s earning. If a person spends more than he earns, what does he have to do? He has to borrow. Similarly, in the case of a fiscal deficit, a government has to borrow to fund the deficit. Suppose a government is running a fiscal deficit, is it a good thing or a bad thing? The answer to it depends upon the context. Often governments increase their spending to support the weaker sections of society, which leads to a fiscal deficit. If a government can comfortably raise debt and pay interest on it to fund its fiscal deficit, it is fine. However, if such debt increases the overall borrowings of a government to such an extent that it can’t repay the debt, then it’s not fine. While analysing fiscal deficit and the resultant borrowings, we should also examine what caused the deficit. Did a government incur an expenditure for a social cause or for something else? Was that expenditure avoidable or not? These factors will tell us whether it’s fine for a government to have a fiscal deficit or not.

Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing. This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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