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What is a Bad Bank?

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One of the main issues that have been troubling the banking sector for long has been the issue of loan default. Even with stricter credit quality checks of borrowers, the increase in NPAs or non-performing assets has been quite significant. This is where the central government’s initiative to set up a bad bank in the country has been considered to be a good move to fix the issue. In this blog, we will read everything we need to about what bad banks are. 

Understanding Bad Bank in Detail

The main purpose of a bad bank is to buy bad loans from all the banks, thus helping them get rid of the burden of the NPA. India’s bad bank is NARCL or the National Asset Reconstruction Ltd. After carrying out the process of acquiring the bad loans from banks, NARCL tries to sell them to distressed debt buyers. 

How Do Bad Banks Work In India?  

Before we dive into the workings of the bad bank it is important to know what bad banks do. The main objective of a bad bank is to help provide stability to the banking sector and smoothen out the flow of credit while boosting investor confidence. Bad banks are notorious for buying problematic or defaulted assets or loans whose value has decreased or is non-existent due to current market conditions. Another way bad banks can support the restructuring of banks is by buying profitable assets. Bad banks in India were basically established before and after the 2008 financial crisis to prevent banks from failing due to the fall in the value of various assets.  

To understand the working of bad banks, it is important to understand their different structures. The four different bad bank structures are listed below with all their details:

  1. Bad Bank Spinoff:

    The bad bank spinoff structure is one of the most popular structures. Under this structure, the bad bank acquires all the troubled assets of a bank.

  2. The structure that guarantees a balance sheet:

    This structure assures the banks associated with a bad bank that the government will support them leading to better protection for a particular portion of the losses that might accompany the bank’s portfolio. 

  3. Internal Restructuring:

    With this kind of bad bank structure, banks form an internal division particularly to house troubled assets. Internal restructuring takes place when the troubled assets in a bank’s balance go over 20%.

  4. Special Purpose Entity: 

    This bad bank structure encompasses the transfer of all the troubled assets in a bank to the bad bank that is supported by the government.

Examples of Bad Bank Structures 

Here is a list of some of the bad bank structures in India:

  • NARCL or the National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited: Helps eliminate all the stressed assets of commercial banks. 

  • IDRCL or India Debt Resolution Company Ltd: IDRCL sells the stressed assets of a bank in the market. 

Conclusion 

The aim of establishing bad banks was to help banks lose the burden of carrying NPAs. Bank banks work to help banks sort out all the bad liabilities in their systems. There are four main bad banking structures in India and each of these has its aim and objectives. 

 

Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.

This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

For All Disclaimers Click Here: https://bit.ly/3Tcsfuc

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a bad bank, and how does it work?

Answer Field

Bad banks are structures established to provide relief to banks from NPAs or non-performing assets, which they purchase from the bank and try to sell to distressed debt buyers.

How do bad banks impact the overall banking sector?

Answer Field

With the help of bad banks, banks and other financial institutions gain more stability.

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