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ASM & GSM Meaning - List of ASM & GSM Stocks 

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Introduction

Navigating the stock market requires a strong understanding of the various regulations and measures that safeguard investor interests. Among these, the Additional Surveillance Measure (ASM) and the Graded Surveillance Measure (GSM) stand out. These mechanisms aim to protect investors from market manipulation and speculative activities. Here’s more about ASM and GSM to help you understand their frameworks, significance, and impact on your investments.

What Is ASM in the Stock Market?

ASM (full form: Additional Surveillance Measure) is a regulatory framework introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and implemented by stock exchanges (BSE, NSE) to enhance market integrity. It focuses on stocks that show unusual price movements, high volatility, or speculative trading. The primary aim is to protect investors and maintain transparency in the market.

ASM doesn’t imply any wrongdoing by the listed stock but acts as a preventive measure to curb manipulation and safeguard the interests of retail investors.

Applicability of Long-Term ASM

Long-term ASM applies to stocks that exhibit consistent irregularities over an extended period. These stocks are monitored for issues like:

  • Non-compliance
  • Notable fluctuations in price movements.
  • Unexpectedly high trading activity.
  • Potential concerns about market manipulation or insider dealings.
  • Issues related to financial discrepancies or questionable corporate governance practices.

Long-term ASM is crucial as it promotes market stability and prevents long-term investor exposure to undue risks. Once a stock enters the long-term ASM list, they are reviewed thoroughly based on the stage they fall under. In total, there are four stages and the stock can exit these stages upon meeting the relevant criteria.

Framework of ASM Stocks

There are two types of ASM frameworks – long-term and short-term additional surveillance measures. The type imposed is based on the nature of non-compliance or irregularity, and decides the duration of the scrutiny along with the specific steps to be undertaken. The long-term ASM, for example, has four distinct stages while the short-term ASM has only two.

Stage 1: 
Securities are shortlisted using specific ASM (Additional Surveillance Measure) criteria.
The margin requirement is set at 100%, effective from T+3 days.

Stage 2: 
Stocks already under Stage 1, which meet specified conditions for five consecutive trading days, progress to this stage.

Key conditions include notable price fluctuations and concentrated client activity.
A 100% margin remains applicable from T+3 days, and the price band is reduced to the next lower level.

Stage 3: 
Stocks in Stage 2 that satisfy designated conditions for another five consecutive trading days move to this stage.

The margin requirement of 100% continues from T+3 days, with a further reduction in the price band to the next lower level.

Stage 4: 
Stocks in Stage 3 that adhere to defined criteria for five continuous trading days advance to this final stage.

At this stage, settlement occurs on a gross basis, with a 100% margin applied to all clients and a restricted 5% price band.

How does ASM Help?

ASM enhances investor protection by reducing speculative trading and mitigating the risks of manipulation. It promotes fair pricing and helps maintain the stock market's stability. For investors, ASM acts as an early warning mechanism, encouraging caution when dealing with volatile or speculative stocks.

List of ASM Stocks

The list of ASM stocks is updated periodically by exchanges like the NSE and BSE. It includes stocks that meet the ASM criteria. These updates are publicly available and aim to ensure transparency for investors.

You can easily check the list here: https://www.nseindia.com/reports/asm

How Are Securities Selected for the ASM List?

Securities are shortlisted for the ASM framework using objective parameters jointly defined by SEBI and stock exchanges. These criteria cover a broad range of market-based and dynamic factors, including:

  • High-low price variations
  • Client concentration levels
  • Day-to-day price fluctuations
  • Market capitalisation
  • Changes in trading volume
  • Percentage of shares delivered
  • Number of unique PANs involved
  • Price-to-earnings (PE) ratio

What are the Different Types of Regulatory Measures under ASM?

ASM stocks are selected based on specific parameters, including:

  • High price volatility: Stocks with erratic price movements.
  • Concentration risk: Stocks dominated by a small group of investors.
  • Volume spikes: Unusual trading volumes over a short period.

Once listed under ASM, trading restrictions like higher margins and reduced price bands are implemented to mitigate risks. It is worth noting that certain stocks are exempted from the long-term ASM framework. This includes Public Sector Enterprises and Banks, securities already under the Graded Surveillance Measure (GSM) list, those with derivative products available, and those already under the Trade for Trade segment.

How To Check the List of Stocks Under ASM?

You can easily check the list of ASM stocks on NSE by clicking here:

https://www.nseindia.com/reports/asm

What is the Significance of ASM-listed stocks?

ASM-listed stocks are under scrutiny for market irregularities, potentially making them riskier for speculative trading. For long-term investors, ASM can act as a cautionary flag to reassess their positions and avoid potential losses due to volatility or manipulation. It is also common for stocks under ASM to experience increased volatility and reduced liquidity. In any case, an ASM-listed stock requires further scrutiny and analysis before you decide to enter or exit a position in it.

What Should an Investor Do if They Find Their Stocks in the ASM List?

If your stock is on the ASM list:

  • Avoid panic selling; ASM doesn’t mean a company is fraudulent.
  • Reassess the fundamentals and long-term prospects of the stock.
  • Stay informed about regulatory updates and ASM measures applied to the stock.

How Can You Be Aware of Stocks Under Surveillance Measures?

The list of securities under the ASM framework is periodically updated and made available on the exchange's website for reference. For NSE, the list of securities can be checked here:

 https://www.nseindia.com/reports/asm

What Is GSM?

GSM (full form: Graded Surveillance Measure) is another regulatory initiative designed to address concerns in securities trading. It targets securities exhibiting pricing abnormalities in relation to their financial stability and fundamental metrics such as earnings, book value, fixed assets, net worth, P/E ratio, and market capitalisation.  

GSM serves two main objectives: first, to alert and caution investors about the identified securities, and second, to encourage market participants to undertake comprehensive due diligence before trading in these securities. The framework classifies securities into different levels based on trading patterns, applying varying levels of surveillance and restrictions accordingly.

How Are Stocks Selected for the GSM List?

There are two main criteria for shortlisting and reviewing securities under the GSM list:

Condition 1: 

A company qualifies if:

  • Its net worth (calculated as Share Capital + Reserves & Surplus – debit balance in P&L) is ₹10 crore or less,
  • Its Net Fixed Assets (Tangible Assets + Capital Work in Progress) are ₹25 crore or less,
  • AND its PE ratio exceeds twice the PE of the Benchmark Index (Nifty 500) or is negative.

Condition 2:

A company is also considered if:

  • Its market capitalisation is below ₹25 crore,
  • AND its PE ratio exceeds twice the PE of the Benchmark Index (Nifty 500) or is negative.
  • For securities with a negative PE ratio, the Price-to-Book (P/B) value is further evaluated. The criteria are:
  • The P/B value is either more than twice the P/B value of the Benchmark Index (Nifty 500),
  • OR the P/B value is negative. 

How To Check the List of Stocks Under GSM?

You can easily check the list of GSM stocks on NSE by clicking here:

https://www.nseindia.com/reports/gsm

What is the difference between ASM and GSM?

While both ASM and GSM are regulatory frameworks built to safeguard the interest of retail investors, there are slight differences between how the two operate. 

  • Focus: ASM targets stocks with unusual market activity, while GSM focuses on fundamentally weak stocks.
  • Applicability: ASM applies to speculative and volatile stocks; GSM applies to financially weak stocks.
  • Measures: GSM often includes stricter trading restrictions compared to ASM.

Conclusion

ASM and GSM are vital mechanisms that ensure transparency, protect investors, and uphold market stability. While they may appear restrictive, they play a crucial role in fostering trust in the stock market. As an investor, staying informed and cautious about ASM and GSM-listed stocks will help you make better financial decisions and safeguard your portfolio.

If you wish to access the complete list for detailed insights, we've made it easy for you. Simply click the button below to download the CSV file directly. This file contains all the relevant data shared by the exchanges, allowing you to analyze and review it conveniently at your own pace.

Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.

This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

For All Disclaimers Click Here: https://bit.ly/3Tcsfuc

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Additional Surveillance Measure?

Answer Field

The Additional Surveillance Measure (ASM) is a regulatory framework introduced by stock exchanges and SEBI to monitor and control excessive volatility or speculative trading in certain stocks. It ensures market transparency and protects investors by applying measures such as increased margins and trade restrictions.

Is it Good to Buy ASM-Listed Stock?

Answer Field

Buying ASM-listed stocks requires caution. While being on the ASM list doesn’t imply any wrongdoing, it indicates higher volatility or speculative behaviour. It’s essential to review the stock’s fundamentals and align your investment goals before making a decision.

What Happens if a Stock is in the ASM List?

Answer Field

Stocks under the ASM list are subject to trading restrictions like increased margins and reduced price bands. This limits speculative trading and mitigates risk. However, the stock can still be traded, and its inclusion doesn’t necessarily mean poor fundamentals. Research thoroughly before trading such stocks.

What is a Long-Term ASM?

Answer Field

Long-term ASM refers to stocks that have been under surveillance for an extended period due to consistent market irregularities or non-compliances. Such stocks are monitored closely to ensure they comply with market regulations and protect investors from prolonged risks.

Can I Sell ASM Stage 1 Stock?

Answer Field

Yes, you can sell ASM Stage 1 stocks. However, trading such stocks may involve higher margins or other restrictions, which could impact your decision. It’s advisable to understand the trading requirements and the stock’s performance before proceeding.

Is it Safe to Buy ASM Stocks?

Answer Field

Buying ASM stocks involves higher risk due to their volatility or speculative nature. While they can be safe if their fundamentals are strong, investors should conduct thorough research and consider their risk tolerance before investing in these stocks.

What is ASM and GSM Surveillance?

Answer Field

ASM focuses on stocks with unusual market activity or volatility, while GSM (Graded Surveillance Measure) monitors financially weak or risky stocks. Both frameworks aim to safeguard investors by applying specific trading restrictions and increasing market transparency.

How Does ASM Impact Stock Trading?

Answer Field

ASM impacts trading by imposing restrictions such as higher margins, lower price bands, or trade suspensions for speculative stocks. These measures help stabilise the market, reduce volatility, and protect investors from significant losses.

What Criteria Are Used to Place a Stock Under ASM?

Answer Field

Stocks are placed under ASM based on parameters like high volatility, unusual price movements, concentration of ownership, and increased trading volumes. These criteria ensure that speculative or risky stocks are monitored and regulated appropriately.

Can Stocks Under ASM Framework Still Be a Good Investment?

Answer Field

Yes, ASM-listed stocks can still be good investments if they have strong fundamentals and long-term potential. However, it’s crucial to evaluate the stock’s performance and consult financial advisors before investing in such stocks.

What Are the Different Types of ASM Lists?

Answer Field

ASM lists are classified into different stages (e.g., Stage 1, Stage 2) based on the severity of regulatory measures imposed. Each stage has specific trading restrictions tailored to mitigate risks associated with the stock. Long-term ASM has four stages, while short-term ASM has two.

How Often is the ASM List Updated?

Answer Field

The ASM list is updated periodically by stock exchanges like NSE and BSE. Updates depend on changes in stock behaviour and adherence to surveillance criteria, ensuring the list remains relevant and accurate. Stocks which are already under the ASM list are reviewed twice a month.

Where Can I Find the Current ASM List?

Answer Field

You can find the current ASM list on the official websites of stock exchanges like NSE and BSE. These updates are publicly available and provide detailed information about the stocks under ASM surveillance. https://www.nseindia.com/reports/asm

What Happens When a Stock is Removed from the ASM Framework List?

Answer Field

When a stock is removed from the ASM list, the restrictions imposed are lifted, allowing regular trading. This usually indicates improved stability and compliance with regulatory norms, restoring investor confidence.

Are There Any Particular Strategies to Follow When Trading ASM-Listed Stocks?

Answer Field

When trading ASM-listed stocks, focus on long-term fundamentals, avoid speculative positions, and keep track of regulatory updates. Use stop-loss orders to minimise risks and consult financial advisors for guidance tailored to your investment goals.

How Can an Investor Stay Updated on ASM Changes and Their Impact?

Answer Field

Investors can stay updated on ASM changes by regularly checking exchange websites, subscribing to financial news platforms, and setting alerts on their trading platforms for notifications about ASM-listed stocks and their updates.

What Triggers a Stock to be Placed Under ASM?

Answer Field

A stock is placed under ASM when it exhibits unusual market activity, such as erratic price movements, high volatility, or concentration of ownership. These triggers help regulators monitor potentially risky stocks and protect investors.

What Criteria Are Considered When Calculating GSM Scores?

Answer Field

GSM scores are calculated based on factors like financial health, market capitalisation, default risk, and stock performance. These scores determine the surveillance measures applied to ensure investor safety and market stability.

What Trading Restrictions Are Imposed on Stocks in the ASM/GSM Lists?

Answer Field

Restrictions include higher margins, narrower price bands, and limitations on speculative trading. In some cases, intraday trading is disallowed, or stocks can only be traded on a delivery basis to minimise risks.

How Does the ASM/GSM List Affect Liquidity in the Affected Stocks?

Answer Field

ASM and GSM measures can reduce liquidity as trading restrictions limit speculative transactions. This may lead to decreased trading volumes, making it challenging for investors to buy or sell large quantities of these stocks.

What Impact Does the ASM/GSM List Have on Price Volatility?

Answer Field

These measures aim to reduce price volatility by curbing speculative trading and imposing price bands. While this stabilises stock prices, it may also restrict potential gains during favourable market conditions.

How Does the ASM/GSM List Influence Investor Sentiment?

Answer Field

ASM and GSM inclusion often create caution among investors, leading to reduced interest in the stock. While this can stabilise trading, it may also discourage potential buyers, affecting stock demand and price movement.

Are There Any Risks Associated with Investing in Stocks on the ASM/GSM Lists?

Answer Field

Yes, risks include reduced liquidity, limited price movement, and heightened volatility. Additionally, regulatory restrictions may make it difficult to exit positions quickly. Thorough research and careful assessment are essential before investing in these stocks. 

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