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What Is Lot Size in an IPO?

Investing is quite popular these days. And all for the right reasons. It helps you build wealth, complete your long-term and short-term plans, accumulate retirement savings, and do much more. Now, individuals can choose from several sources of investment. One such investment instrument is an IPO.

An IPO, or Initial Public Offering, can be simply understood as when a private company decides to go public for the first time. It serves as a great opportunity for newbies as well as expert investors. It helps investors invest in potential companies and earn from their profits shortly. Companies, on the other hand, can raise funds via these IPOs, which ultimately helps them manage their operations, cover their day-to-day spending, grow, and do much more. 

And since IPOs are generally seen as potentially well-performing investment instruments, a lot of individuals want to invest in IPOs these days. The same is one of the reasons why IPOs are quite popular and trending these days. If you're also someone investing or willing to invest in an IPO, then there are certain concepts you must be aware of. One such concept is IPO lot size. Continue reading as we help you understand IPO lot size here, along with its meaning, types, calculations, and much more. 

Definition of IPO Lot Size

Before going any further, let's first try and understand the basics. What is the IPO lot size? Well, lot size in an IPO can simply be understood as nothing but the minimum or least amount of shares you are supposed to bid in an IPO application procedure. Also, not to forget the quantity of your IPO application should be a size’s multiples. Let's make it easier with an example. 

Say, Google announced an IPO of 1 lakh shares in a lot size of 20. Now, investors have to bid for a minimum of 20 shares and this makes one lot. Say, you want 2 lots, then you'll be bidding for 40 shares. It is important to understand that you cannot bid for 50 shares as the same is not a multiple of 20. 

Therefore, it is important to understand the lot size in an IPO. Not only does it help you make the correct bidding with the right quantity, but it also reduces your chances of getting your applications rejected because of incorrect bidding. 

Two Types of Lot Sizes in an IPO

Now that you understand what a lot size is in an IPO, let's move forward. Let's consider exploring types of lot sizes in an IPO for further clarity. 

  1. Minimum lot size

    The minimum lot size in an upcoming  IPO can be understood as the minimum or the smallest order that you need to place to complete your IPO order. This means you cannot choose to buy less than the minimum IPO lot size. Now, it is natural to wonder what is the benefit of fixing the minimum lot size in an IPO. Well, the minimum IPO lot size helps IPO issues ensure the sincerity of the investors. 

    Let's understand this with an example. Say, a company issues 50 shares and the minimum lot size is 2 lots. This means you cannot buy any less than 100 shares to complete your IPO application. 

  2. Maximum lot size

    Now, let's talk about the maximum lot size in an IPO. It is quite the opposite of the minimum lot size. Maximum IPO lot size is a limit put on investors where they cannot buy more than a certain limit of maximum shares. By fixing a maximum lot size in an IPO, issuers ensure the shares are fairly distributed among different investors. Meaning it ultimately comes in handy to tackle share’s monopolization on one hand. 

Why Do Companies Determine IPO Lot Size?    

Now that you have understood the types of lot sizes, let's understand their relevance. What makes IPO lot sizes important? Why do companies fix minimum and maximum IPO lot sizes? Well, there are a variety of reasons behind the same. First, it makes the IPO market more accessible to everyone, be it retail or individual investors. Here are some more reasons why companies engage in fixing IPO lot sizes. 

  • To Ensure Easy Allocation

IPO lot sizes help issues allocate shares easily and conveniently to investors as per their needs and orders. 

  • To Make Trading Convenient

Having a standard lot size in an IPO helps with its orderly trading. As the listed stocks are generally standardised, it proves to be quite beneficial in maintaining liquidity in the market and helps with price stability too. 

How Is IPO Lot Size Determined by Companies? 

If you've read until here, you already know that IPO lot sizes are determined by the companies. Now, comes the next question: how? How is an IPO lot size determined? Well, the ideal lot size in an IPO is decided by a variety of factors. Here are some of them. 

  1. Price of the Shares 

    Prices have quite an impact on IPO lot sizes. For instance, higher prices are generally associated with big lot sizes. 

  2. Total Stocks Being Offered

    The company's requirement for funding helps them calculate the amount of shares they are willing to offer. 

  3. Market Trends

    Factors like conditions of the market, demand for the share, market liquidity and more also have an impact on IPO lot size. 

  4. Regulatory Adherence

    To determine IPO lot size, regulatory adherence is also taken into consideration. It includes guides on fixing IPO lot sizes, thresholds, etc. 

  5. Participation of the Investors

Understanding the engagement of the investors, their participation and enthusiasm also comes in handy in determining IPO lot sizes. 

Understanding the Calculation of IPO Lot Size  

All the information related to IPO lot size is already mentioned in the IPO document mentioned in the company. Say, a company issues 500 shares in a minimum IPO lot size of 20 shares. This means you must buy at least 20 shares for your IPO application. Now, let's take this example to calculate IPO lot size. IPO lot size can be calculated using a simple formula mentioned below. 

IPO lot size = Total Issued Shares ÷ minimum IPO lot size. 

  • Here, total shares = 500

  • Minimum IPO lot size = 20 

  • IPO lot size = 500/20 =25 lots 

What Is the Maximum Value of Shares You Can Apply for in an IPO?  

The maximum value you may consider applying for in an IPO application depends on several factors, including the cut-off price, IPO lot size, and more. In fact, the limits set by different authorities like SEBI are also taken into consideration. 

Here is a table to quickly understand the limits set by SEBI. 

Types of Investors

Limit 

Retail Investors

Investors whose shares application is not more than ₹2 lakhs. 

Qualified Institutional Buyers 

Those registered as mutual funds, insurance companies, provident funds, and more. These can apply for not more than 75% of the total lot size. 

Non-Institutional Buyers

Investors applying for shares of more than ₹2 lakhs. 

Final Thoughts

Understanding the IPO lot sizes can help investors in several ways. You make better and more informed IPO decisions. It is also important to understand that determining IPO lot sizes helps create a level-playing field, helping the IPO market be accessible to everyone. Further, you can easily calculate IPO lot size and increase your chances of successful application.

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Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.

This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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