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The direct method of calculating cash flow tracks actual cash coming in and going out of a business. It focuses on real transactions, making it easier to see how much cash a company generates and spends.
The following formula is used to calculate the cash flow of an organisation:
Net Cash Flow = Total Cash Inflows − Total Cash Outflows
Let’s take an example to understand how to apply this formula for cash flow to real-world calculations. Imagine a small shop records the following cash transactions in a month:
Now, applying the formula:
Net Cash Flow = (8,00,000 + 20,000) − (3,50,000 + 2,00,000 + 50,000 + 30,000)
= 8,20,000 - 6,30,000 = ₹1,90,000
Therefore, net cash flow = ₹1,90,000
This means the shop has ₹1,90,000 in cash after covering expenses. If the number were negative, it would indicate that more money is going out than coming in, which could be a warning sign for the business.
Understanding the differences between cash flow and fund flow is essential for analysing a company’s financial health. While both terms deal with the movement of money, they serve distinct purposes in financial management. Cash flow focuses on the liquidity of a company, showing how cash moves in and out over a specific period. Fund flow, on the other hand, deals with changes in the company’s financial position by analysing variations in working capital.
Aspect | Cash flow | Fund flow |
Meaning | Denotes the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents during a specific period. | Based on the concept of variations in working capital over a time period. |
Purpose | Helps in cash budgeting by tracking liquid cash movements. | Helps in capital budgeting by analysing the sources and uses of funds. |
Financial focus | Measures the net cash flow of the company to determine liquidity. | Gauges the financial position of the company by examining long-term fund movements. |
Statement coverage | Documents the changes in the opening and closing balance of cash and cash equivalents. | Captures the source and application of funds over a period. |
Disclosures | Provides all disclosures regarding cash inflow and outflow, including operational, financing, and investing activities. | Identifies the sources of fund generation and their allocation within the company. |
Inclusion in financial reports | A cash flow statement is a key part of the financial statement and is mandatory under accounting standards. | A fund flow statement is not a mandatory part of financial statements and is used for internal analysis. |
Planning and decision making | Used for short-term financial planning and decision-making related to liquidity management. | Used for long-term financial planning and decision-making related to investments and capital restructuring. |
Analysis approach | Focuses on actual cash transactions, ensuring that businesses can meet daily operational expenses. | Focuses on the movement of funds between different accounts and how financial resources are managed. |
Components | Includes cash from operating, investing, and financing activities. | Includes sources of funds (such as equity issuance, loans, and retained earnings) and applications of funds (such as asset purchases and debt repayments). |
Impact on business | Indicates whether a company has enough liquidity to sustain daily operations. | Helps in identifying structural financial changes and the need for external funding. |
Disclaimer: Investments in the securities market are subject to market risk, read all related documents carefully before investing.
This content is for educational purposes only. Securities quoted are exemplary and not recommendatory.
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